Leptospirosis🦝🦊🦨🦌
Leptospirosis is a disease caused by infection with Leptospira bacteria, found in soil and water worldwide, particularly in warm, rainy climates. Dogs are at risk, especially in the midwestern, eastern, and southwestern U.S. High-risk factors include exposure to stagnant water, roaming rural properties, contact with wild or farm animals, and interaction with other dogs in urban areas.
Leptospirosis is primarily spread through the urine of infected animals, especially wild rodents, which can contaminate water, soil, food, or bedding. Dogs can contract the bacteria through contact with contaminated areas or animals. In rare cases, transmission can occur through breeding or bites. Infected dogs can also pass the bacteria to their puppies through the placenta.
Leptospirosis in dogs is diagnosed through a combination of veterinarian’s evaluation and diagnostic tests. This includes gathering information about the dog's lifestyle and travel history, along with a physical exam. Blood and urine tests, X-rays, and ultrasound may be recommended depending on the severity of the illness. Treatment typically involves antibiotics and supportive care, which may include fluid therapy, medications, and nutritional support. In severe cases, intensive care such as oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, or dialysis may be necessary. Early treatment improves the chances of recovery, but there may still be lasting damage to the kidneys or liver. Dogs with severe respiratory issues are less likely to recover even with treatment.
To protect your dog against leptospirosis, vaccination is the most effective measure. Experts recommend vaccinating all dogs due to the severity of the disease. The vaccination process typically involves two shots spaced 4 weeks apart, followed by annual boosters, starting at 12 weeks of age. Additionally, you can reduce your dog’s exposure to Leptospira bacteria by:
Avoiding stagnant or slow-moving water sources, like ponds or rivers.
Keeping your dog away from farm animals, wild rodents, and their carcasses.